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The New Guard was formed in Sydney, Australia in February 1931 as a paramilitary offshoot from a conservative tradition defending loyalty to King and Empire, sound government, law and order, individual liberty and property rights. In particular, the movement was formed in response to the policies adopted by Jack Lang, the leader of the Labor Party and Premier of New South Wales It was led by Lt. Colonel Eric Campbell, a First World War veteran. The New Guard declined rapidly following the Lang's dismissal in May 1932, with its remaining members becoming increasingly inclined towards fascism. Still led by Campbell, the movement unsuccessfully attempted to enter parliament at the 1935 state election (running as the Centre Party), but disbanded completely shortly after. ==Historical context== Politically, the end of the Great War in 1918 left Australians unusually discontented and polarised.〔 〕 Venomous campaigns for the 1916-1917 conscription plebiscites had contributed a heavy dose of sectarianism and of rhetoric about disloyalty and extremism. The 1917 Australian General Strike had also left a bitter legacy. The union movement resented the vindictive suppression of the strike; conservatives saw the strike as proof of union extremism sparked by foreign theorists. Similarly, Bolshevik success in the 1917 October Revolution in Russia increased the credibility of a revolutionary strategy in the eyes both of those who feared it and of those who favoured it. The labour movement reflected this sour mood.〔 〕 Its parliamentary strategy had been partly discredited by the desertion of leaders in the conscription split. After the war, impatient unions signalled their interest in methods proposed by the syndicalist "One Big Union" movement. Thwarted at the Australian Labor Party's 1919 Annual Conference, supporters of this approach failed in their attempt to set up a breakaway party; but Jock Garden (Secretary of the NSW Labor Council) did manage a merger of socialist groups to form the Communist Party of Australia in August 1920. For a time the Labor Party managed to contain its hard-core socialists. In October 1921 its Federal Conference did adopt a socialist objective. This was carefully qualified, becoming a timeless target to be pursued by constitutional and parliamentary methods. But unsurprisingly, the ideological conflict alarmed conservatives. So too did NSW Labor's uncomfortable relationship with the Communists. In 1925 the Labor Party Annual Conference even resolved to allow the Communist Party to affiliate with Labor. Although the Party quickly reversed this decision, Communist penetration would remain a credible threat to the labour movement and a basis for "Red bogey" rhetoric. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「New Guard」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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